A Peoples History of the United States
Library Journal calls Howard Zinn’s iconic A People’s History of the United States “a brilliant and moving history of the American people from the point of view of those. Whose plight has been largely omitted from most histories.” Packed with vivid details and telling quotations, Zinn’s award-winning classic continues to revolutionize the way American history is taught and remembered. On September 28, 1786, the residents of Kentucky County began petitioning the Virginia legislature for permission to become a “free and independent state, to be known by the name of the Commonwealth of Kentucky”.13 On June 1, 1792, Kentucky County officially became a state. Like Virginia, the official title of the elected local prosecutor in each of The United States Kentucky’s political subdivisions is the Commonwealth’s Attorney and County Attorney, as opposed to State’s Attorney in other states or the more standard District Attorney. Kentucky is the only state outside of the original Thirteen Colonies that uses commonwealth in its name. The very short-lived California Republic was never recognized by the United States, Mexico or any other nation.
- It also could not have been written without the work of many people, not professional historians, who were stimulated by the social struggles around them to put together material about the lives and activities of ordinary people trying to make a better world, or just trying to survive.
- Voices of a People’s History is a symphony of our nation’s original voices, rich in ideas and actions, the embodiment of the power of civil disobedience and dissent wherein lies our nation’s true spirit of defiance and resilience.
- The individual state capitals remained the same in the Confederacy as they had been in the Union (U.S.A.), although as the advancing Union Army used those cities for military districts, some of the Confederate governments were relocated or moved out of state, traveling along with secessionist armies.
- Santa Fe, New Mexico, is the oldest capital city, having become capital in 1610 and interrupted only by the aforementioned Pueblo Revolt.
European enslavement
By the 21st century, Native Americans had achieved increased control over tribal lands and resources, although many communities continue to grapple with the legacy of displacement and economic challenges. Urban migration has also grown, with over 70% of Native Americans residing in cities by 2012, navigating issues of cultural preservation and discrimination. Continuing legal and social efforts address these concerns, building on centuries of resilience and adaptation that characterize Indigenous history across the Americas.
LGBTQ population
Turkey is an ally of the United States through its membership in NATO, while all of the other countries except Saudi Arabia and Qatar are major non-NATO allies. Morocco was the first sovereign nation to recognize the United States in 1777. American-Moroccan relations were formalized in a 1786 treaty, which is still in force and is the oldest unbroken bilateral treaty in American history.
Colonial ecological violence in the Great Lakes region of North America
The roles of Native Americans were limited and not reflective of Native American culture. By the 1970s some Native American film roles began to show more complexity, such as those in Little Big Man (1970), Billy Jack (1971), and The Outlaw Josey Wales (1976), which depicted Native Americans in minor supporting roles. It has long been recognized that Native Americans are dying of diabetes, alcoholism, tuberculosis, suicide, and other health conditions at shocking rates. Beyond disturbingly high mortality rates, Native Americans also suffer a significantly lower health status and disproportionate rates of disease compared with all other Americans. Twenty-first century social movements come to life through speeches, essays, and other documents of activism, protest, and social change. A young adult version of the best-selling A People’s History of the United States.
Land ownership and bureaucratic challenges in historical context
There are picturesque mountains, plains, forests, canyons, mesas, rivers, deserts, and plateaus that cross the state and attract people from all over the country. There are 53 Rocky Mountain peaks within the state of Colorado, and the many ski resorts in the Western Slope region attract enthusiasts of snow sports. The size of the region also contributes to its high degree of geological diversity. The majority of the country’s deserts lie in this region, as do the country’s highest mountains, temperate rainforests, a section of the Great Plains, and several glaciers. Some tribes (particularly some in the Eastern United States) are primarily made up of individuals with an unambiguous Native American identity, despite having a large number of mixed-race citizens with prominent non-Native ancestry. More than 75% of those enrolled in the Cherokee Nation have less than one-quarter Cherokee blood,273 and the former Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation, Bill John Baker, is 1/32 Cherokee, amounting to about 3%.
Carlos Nakai, Joanne Shenandoah and Robert “Tree” Cody integrate traditional sounds with modern sounds in instrumental recordings, whereas the music by artist Charles Littleleaf is derived from ancestral heritage as well as nature. A variety of small and medium-sized recording companies offer an abundance of recent music by Native American performers young and old, ranging from pow-wow drum music to hard-driving rock-and-roll and rap. In the International world of ballet dancing Maria Tallchief was considered America’s first major prima ballerina,225 and was the first person of Native American descent to hold the rank.226 along with her sister Marjorie Tallchief both became star ballerinas. Whether a particular tribe is predominantly matrilineal or patrilineal, often both sexes have some degree of decision-making power within the tribe. When traditional young women marry, their husbands may join them in their mother’s household. Native American religious practices, beliefs, and philosophies differ widely across tribes.
Unrecognized national capitals
- Recent studies also point to rising rates of stroke,95 heart disease,96 and diabetes97 in the Native American population.
- No agenda-posting or frequently making posts about the same subject or from the same source.
- The first committee consisted of Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, and John Adams.
Congress passed the Indian Removal Act, authorizing the federal government to relocate Native Americans from their homelands within established states to lands west of the Mississippi River, in order to accommodate continued European American expansion. This resulted in the ethnic cleansing or genocide of many tribes, who were subjected to brutal forced marches. U.S. foreign policy toward Hong Kong, grounded in a determination to promote Hong Kong’s prosperity, autonomy, and way of life, is stated in the U.S.–Hong Kong Policy Act of 1992. It rules that the U.S. would continue to treat Hong Kong apart from the People’s Republic of China even after the 1997 transfer of sovereignty marking the end of British rule. The United States maintains substantial economic and political interests in Hong Kong.
Post-war, Native activism grew, with movements such as the American Indian Movement (AIM) drawing attention to Indigenous rights. Landmark legislation like the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act of 1975 recognized tribal autonomy, leading to the establishment of Native-run schools and economic initiatives. Tribal sovereignty has continued to evolve, with legal victories and federal acknowledgments supporting cultural revitalization. During the 19th century, the ideology of manifest destiny became integral to the American nationalist movement. Westward expansion of European American populations after the American Revolution resulted in increasing pressure on Native Americans and their lands, warfare, and rising tensions.
Paternalism is the virus and the secretary of the Interior is the carrier. Some tribal groups have been unable to document the cultural continuity required for federal recognition. To achieve federal recognition and its benefits, tribes must prove continuous existence since 1900. Several tribes in Virginia and North Carolina have gained state recognition.
North and South America
In its beak, the eagle clutches a scroll with the motto E pluribus unum (“Out of Many, One”). Over its head there appears a glory with 13 mullets (stars) on a blue field. The US map with cities highlights the locations of major cities throughout the country.
The Seal of Pennsylvania does not use the term, but legal processes are in the name of the Commonwealth, and it is a traditional official designation used in referring to the state. In 1776, Pennsylvania’s first state constitution referred to it as both Commonwealth and State, a pattern of usage that was perpetuated in the constitutions of 1790, 1838, 1874, and 1968.15c One of Pennsylvania’s two intermediate appellate courts is called the Commonwealth Court. At the time, Carney said in a post on social media site X that the country was committed to working alongside the U.S. to come to a deal. Canada removed many of its retaliatory tariffs on the U.S. on Friday, marking a significant step forward in the two countries’ relationship.
After the Civil War, a turbulent period for the Nation which was involved in its own civil war resulting from pervasive anger and disagreements over removal from Georgia, the Cherokee Nation built a new National Capitol in Tahlequah out of brick. The building served as the capitol until 1907, when the Dawes Act finally dissolved the Cherokee Nation and Tahlequah became the county seat of Cherokee County, Oklahoma. The Cherokee National government was re-established in 1938 and Tahlequah remains the capital of the modern Cherokee Nation; it is also the capital of the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians. Ten of the thirteen original states and 15 other states have changed their capital city at least once; the last state to move its capital city was Oklahoma in 1910.